The dynamics of political change in the Middle East have always been in the international spotlight. In the last decade, this region has experienced significant transformation due to various internal and external factors. One of the main causes of political change was the 2010-2011 Arab Spring, which sparked a wave of protests and reforms in many countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Society demands freedom, social justice and the elimination of authoritarian regimes. In this context, the role of social media is very important. Platforms such as Twitter and Facebook enable the rapid dissemination of information, strengthening mass mobilization and public participation. However, many countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia, responded with repressive measures, such as internet blocking and detention of activists. On the other hand, prolonged regional conflicts also influence political dynamics. The civil war in Syria, for example, not only damaged the country’s stability but also invited intervention from major powers, such as the US and Russia. The rise of extremist groups such as ISIS also adds complexity, making security one of the main issues. Rivalry between regional powers, especially Iran and Saudi Arabia, exacerbates the situation. Sunni-Shia rivalry has created deep tensions, prompting proxy wars in countries such as Yemen and Iraq. The intervention of the two countries in this conflict had a major impact on their respective domestic politics, triggering sharper polarities. Economic aspects also play an important role in political change. Oil-producing countries, such as Qatar and the UAE, have tried to diversify their economies to reduce dependence on oil. Ambitious development projects, such as Qatar National Vision 2030 and UAE Vision 2021, represent efforts to modernize the economy and attract foreign investment, potentially affecting political stability. Climate change and environmental issues are now a major concern, fueling concerns about resource sustainability. Water crises and natural resource management are increasing tensions among resource-sharing countries, impacting political policies and bilateral relations. Of course, the role of international actors cannot be ignored. The US and the European Union play key roles in diplomacy and military intervention, while China is increasingly seen entering the arena as an emerging economic power. Cooperation with countries in the Middle East through investment and infrastructure projects represents a change in geopolitical dynamics. As time goes by, global phenomena such as populism and nationalism have also touched this region. Some leaders have exploited nationalist sentiment to strengthen their positions, although these policies have sometimes had consequences for international relations and domestic stability. With these interrelated dynamics, political change in the Middle East is always in a state of flux. Uncertainty about the future continues to surround us, showing that this region will continue to be the center of world attention.