The latest conflict in Syria has escalated since 2021, with the emergence of various armed groups aiming to seize power. With shifting alliances and international support, conditions in Syria are increasingly complex. One of the focal points in this conflict is the northern region, especially Idlib, where various opposition and jihadist groups operate. The region has become the center of unrest due to attacks from the Syrian government supported by Russia. Meanwhile, the impact of the Syrian conflict has also affected stability in the Middle East. Neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan are facing major refugee crises, with millions of Syrians fleeing in search of protection. Crime and social tensions in these countries are increasing due to demographic pressures generated by the influx of refugees. On the economic side, Türkiye has invested heavily in handling refugees but also faces serious challenges, including inflation and public misconceptions about the existence of refugees. Inconsistent international aid and the economic disaster triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic have further exacerbated the situation. Regional tensions stem from various external actors involved. Iran and Russia support Assad’s government, while the US and Western countries support moderate opposition groups. These tensions could turn Syria into a battleground for regional powers. In addition, the rise of extremist groups such as ISIS in eastern Syria creates new threats to regional stability. In this context, political shifts in Arab countries, such as the normalization of relations between several Arab countries and the Assad government, indicate a paradigm shift. However, these steps have not fully resolved existing structural challenges, including corruption and human rights. The involvement of international organizations such as the UN also experiences obstacles, especially in terms of providing humanitarian assistance in areas controlled by armed groups. Discussions to negotiate a ceasefire or peace settlement are often hampered by incompatibility of agendas between the various actors involved. The expansion of this conflict has the potential to disrupt the stability of the entire region, considering that many countries in the Middle East have internal divisions that mirror the conditions in Syria. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the internal dynamics of each country and their impact on greater regional stability.